[Mechanisms of glomerular autoimmunity and a strategy for immunomodulation in glomerular nephritis]. / Mekhanizmy samozakhystu nyrkovoho klubochka ta ïkh moduliatsiia pry hlomerylonefryti.

The article is a review of the published foreign literature concerning mechanisms of self-defence of the renal glomerulus and ways for drug correction thereof. The glomerulus self-defence intra- and extracell factors are described in detail. Novel drugs having been approbated in the experiment and in clinical settings intended to slow down the rate of progression of affections of the kidneys are mentioned together with ways for prevention thereof.

[Pro- and antiatherogenic mechanisms in chronic kidney failure]. / Pro- ta antyaterohenni mekhanizmy pry khronichnii nyrkovii nedostatnosti.

Atherosclerosis is a very common complication and frequently recordable cause of death in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (ChRI). The authors focus on current notions about causes of rapidly advancing atherosclerosis in patients presenting with manifest and terminal ChRI, who were exposed to a conservative treatment, programme hemodialysis or prolonged peritoneal dialysis. Treated in the article at length are proatherogenic (generally known, common in ChRI only) and antiatherogenic mechanisms. A worthwhile line of investigations is suggested to be designed to study ChRI pathogenesis and devise relevant preventive and curative measures.

[The efficacy of using antiaggregants in chronic glomerulonephritis with grade-I chronic kidney failure]. / Efektivnist' vykorystannia antyahrehantiv pry khronichnomu hlomerulonefryti z I stupenem khronichnoï nyrkovoï nedostatnosti.

Both short-term and long-term effectiveness of xantinole nicotinate as well as trentale and combinations thereof with dipyridamole has been demonstrated in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis presenting with grade 1 chronic renal insufficiency, which fact can be accounted for by their vasoactive and antiaggregant actions. Particular regimens have been developed to treat the medical condition in question with the above drug preparations, comparative evaluation was done of their effects on the clinical course of the illness as well as on the effective renal plasma flow, concentration of nitrogenous remainder in blood and urine, concentration of medium size molecules in blood. It is advisable that antiaggregants be administered long term (from several months to several years).

[The hemostatic system and thrombohemorrhagic complications during the hemosorption treatment of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome]. / Systema hemostazu i trombohemorahichni uskladnennia pry likuvanni hemosorbtsiieiu khorvykh na khronichnyi hlomerulonefryt z nefrotychnym syndromom.

Effects were studied of hemosorption on the system of homeostasis in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis presenting with nephrotic syndrome. An optimum graphic express method of control of the homeostasis system state was found, permitting predicting thrombohemorrhagic complications after single-session hemosorption (significance 99.9%). Strategies were identified for correction of changes in coagulogrammes in such patients along with devising measures to prevent the above complications.

[The vasoactive action of kurantil in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Vazoaktyvna diia kurantylu u khvorykh na khromichnyi hlomerulonefryt.

The immediate positive result of 3-4 weeks' course of treatment with curantyl (C) of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (ChGN) is due to both vasoactive and antiaggregant action of the preparation. The negative immediate result of C treatment appear to be associated with <>. C was found to be usefull in treatment of ChGN patients presenting with predominance of fibroplastic changes in the kydneys, those with arterial hypertension, grade I ChGN. Analysis of late results of treatment 1.5-2 years after C withdrawal revealed improvement in health status in 22.5% and slowing down ChGN progression in 15% of patients compared to the control group.

[The efficacy of kurantil and its effect on thrombocytic hemostasis in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Efektyvnist' kurantylu ta ioho vplyv na trombotsytarnyi hemostaz u khvorykh na khronichnyi hlomerulonefryt.

The paper treats of the mechanisms of antiaggregant and vasoactive effect of curantyl (C) in chronic glomerulonephritis (ChGN). As many as 85 ChGN C-treated patients were examined; positive treatment effect was seen in 35.5%, negative one in 12.9% of the patients; no effect in 25.8%. It has been ascertained that in some instances prognostically unfavourable forms of ChGN do respond to C treatment. Efficacy of C therapy is predictable from the baseline 24 h proteinuria and decrease in urinary excretion of products of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation during the first week of treatment.

[The effect of membrane-stabilizing therapy on the status of the hemostatic system in patients with glomerulonephritis with a hematuric component]. / Vplyv membranostabilizuiuchoï terapiï na stan hemostazu u khvorykh na hlomerulonefryt z hematurychnym komponentom.

Hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperthrombinaemia, slowed down lysis of euglobulin clot, increased level of plasminogen, delayed aggregation of thrombocytes were observed in 20 patients with glomerulonephritis with haematuria. Membrane-stabilizing therapy reduced trends to hypercoagulation, significantly improved aggregating abilities of thrombocytes. Considerable impact of membrane-stabilizing therapy on indices of haemostasis in patients with hematuric glomerulonephritis evidences close link to exist between activation of lipid peroxidation, changes of structural and functional parameters of membranes and mechanisms of blood coagulation and thrombocyte aggregation.

[The significance of lipid peroxidation in the chronicity of glomerulonephritis with a hematuric component]. / Znachennia perekysnoho kyslennia lipidiv u khronizatsiï hlomerulonefrytu z hematurychnym komponentom.

Measures of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde contents in blood, erythrocyte membranes and urine), parameters of the antioxidant system, structural and functional indices of cell membranes (cholesterol level, general content of phospholipids and phospholipid spectrum) were studied in patients with acute and chronic (stable and advancing) hematuric glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis chronization was established to be associated with the activation of lipid peroxidation, predominantly on the level of damaged organ, while the condition of the antioxidant system showed a trend to normalization. Advancing glomerulonephritis when compared to stable one revealed more pronounced processes of membrane destabilization as well as accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in membranes, erythrocytes, blood plasma and urine.

[The effect of therapeutic plasmapheresis on the hemostatic system of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome]. / Vplyv likuval'noho plazmaferezu na systemu hemostazu u khvorykh na khronichnyi hlomerulonefrit z nefrotychnym syndromom.

Plasmapheresis was carried out by the continuous method in 10 patients with active forms of glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome and was found to positively affect hemostasis (reduction of hyperfibrinogenemia, thrombinemia, enhancement of fibrinolysis). Antiaggregants completely controlled negative effect of plasmapheresis on the thrombocyte status. The positive effect was paralleled by clinical improvement.

[The immunodeficiency state and the efficacy of the glucocorticoid therapy of patients with glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome]. / Imunodefitsytnyi stan ta efektyvnist' hliukokortykoïdnoï terapiï khvorykh na hlomerulonefryt z nefrotychnym syndromom.

Results are compared of glucocorticoid treatment of proliferative, mesangioproliferative and membraneous types of glomerulonephritis with initial levels of T- and B-lymphocytes. Five types of immunodeficiency states were distinguished different frequency of the latter in various types of glomeruli involvement. It was found that glucocorticoid therapy of nephritis is most efficient in cases when the initial number of T-lymphocytes was within normal limits while the content of B-lymphocytes was increased.

[Plasmapheresis in the combined therapy of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome]. / Plazmaferez v kompleksnii terapiï khvorykh na khronichnyi hlomerulonefryt z nefrotychnym syndromom.

Plasmapheresis (P) was used in the complex treatment of 16 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CHG) and nephrotic syndrome. Before P. 12 patients were treated ineffectively with prednisolone and curantyl. After 3-5 sessions of P detoxication was observed in all patients, increased diuresis (15 patients). Renal function normalized in 4 of 5 patients, proteinuria reduced by 50-80%. The authors discuss indications of including P into the complex treatment of patients in whom chronic glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome was present.

[The characteristics of the lipid peroxidation processes in patients with glomerulonephritis and a hematuric component]. / Osoblyvosti protsesiv perekysnoho okyslennia lipidiv u khvorykh na hlomerulonefryt z hematurychnym komponentom.

A study of 86 patients with glomerulonephritis, urinary syndrome, presence of the hematuric component is characterized by an activation of lipid peroxidation as a result of disbalance the antioxidant system, that causes corresponding changes in the lipid phase of the cell membranes, reduction of the phospholipid and cholesterol level in the membranes, increase of its deformability capacity that may be of significance for the development of the hematuric component in patients with glomerulonephritis. The data stimulate the necessity of searching treatment directed to reduction of lipid peroxidation activation, normalization of the antioxidant system, stabilization of renal cell membranes.